WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
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fishing<00:00:12.559> is<00:00:12.719> the<00:00:12.799> world's<00:00:13.120> most<00:00:13.360> popular
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fishing is the world's most popular
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fishing is the world's most popular
participatory<00:00:14.920> sport<00:00:16.000> millions<00:00:16.560> enjoy
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participatory sport millions enjoy
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participatory sport millions enjoy
relaxing<00:00:17.600> in<00:00:17.680> this<00:00:17.920> way
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relaxing in this way
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relaxing in this way
but<00:00:19.920> for<00:00:20.080> others<00:00:20.400> it's<00:00:20.640> a<00:00:20.800> livelihood
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but for others it's a livelihood
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but for others it's a livelihood
fish<00:00:23.039> is<00:00:23.199> a<00:00:23.279> healthy<00:00:23.680> food<00:00:24.320> and<00:00:24.560> demand<00:00:24.960> is
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fish is a healthy food and demand is
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fish is a healthy food and demand is
rising
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rising
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rising
yet<00:00:27.199> as<00:00:27.279> a<00:00:27.359> result<00:00:27.760> the<00:00:27.920> world's<00:00:28.240> fish<00:00:28.480> stocks
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yet as a result the world's fish stocks
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yet as a result the world's fish stocks
are<00:00:29.359> under<00:00:29.679> pressure<00:00:30.080> and<00:00:30.240> declining
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are under pressure and declining
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are under pressure and declining
one<00:00:32.399> area<00:00:32.800> of<00:00:32.880> particular<00:00:33.440> concern<00:00:34.239> is
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one area of particular concern is
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one area of particular concern is
fisheries<00:00:34.960> policy<00:00:35.440> in<00:00:35.520> the<00:00:35.680> eu
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fisheries policy in the eu
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fisheries policy in the eu
for<00:00:37.120> example<00:00:37.600> here<00:00:37.840> in<00:00:38.000> greece<00:00:38.640> fish<00:00:38.879> stocks
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for example here in greece fish stocks
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for example here in greece fish stocks
have<00:00:39.280> been<00:00:39.440> declining<00:00:40.079> for<00:00:40.320> years<00:00:40.879> there's
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have been declining for years there's
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have been declining for years there's
been<00:00:41.360> a<00:00:41.440> serious<00:00:41.920> problem<00:00:42.320> of<00:00:42.480> overfishing
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been a serious problem of overfishing
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been a serious problem of overfishing
and<00:00:43.840> greek<00:00:44.079> fishermen<00:00:44.559> have<00:00:44.640> had<00:00:44.800> to<00:00:44.960> go
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and greek fishermen have had to go
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and greek fishermen have had to go
further<00:00:45.760> out<00:00:46.079> and<00:00:46.160> look<00:00:46.399> for<00:00:46.559> more<00:00:46.879> and<00:00:46.960> more
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further out and look for more and more
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further out and look for more and more
marginal<00:00:47.840> stocks
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marginal stocks
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marginal stocks
in<00:00:50.160> one<00:00:50.480> place<00:00:51.120> the<00:00:51.280> fish<00:00:51.600> levels
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in one place the fish levels
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in one place the fish levels
have<00:00:52.800> remained<00:00:53.199> pretty<00:00:53.600> healthy<00:00:54.160> at<00:00:54.239> least
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have remained pretty healthy at least
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have remained pretty healthy at least
until<00:00:54.800> recently
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until recently
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until recently
and<00:00:56.399> that's<00:00:56.640> iceland
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and that's iceland
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and that's iceland
this<00:00:58.800> fish<00:00:59.199> fishing<00:00:59.520> grounds<00:00:59.840> around<00:01:00.160> iceland
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this fish fishing grounds around iceland
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this fish fishing grounds around iceland
are<00:01:01.520> the
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are the
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are the
best
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best
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best
fishing<00:01:04.400> grounds<00:01:04.799> you<00:01:04.960> can<00:01:05.199> get
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fishing grounds you can get
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fishing grounds you can get
it<00:01:06.640> gives<00:01:06.880> you<00:01:06.960> 2<00:01:07.200> million<00:01:07.680> tonnes<00:01:08.320> per<00:01:08.640> year
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it gives you 2 million tonnes per year
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it gives you 2 million tonnes per year
if<00:01:09.760> you<00:01:09.920> console<00:01:10.400> it<00:01:10.640> 2<00:01:10.799> million<00:01:11.280> every<00:01:11.680> every
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if you console it 2 million every every
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if you console it 2 million every every
year<00:01:12.479> next<00:01:12.960> 100<00:01:13.520> years
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year next 100 years
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year next 100 years
this<00:01:15.680> has<00:01:15.759> been<00:01:16.000> a<00:01:16.080> troubled<00:01:16.479> economy<00:01:16.960> in
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this has been a troubled economy in
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this has been a troubled economy in
recent<00:01:17.520> years<00:01:18.159> its<00:01:18.400> banking<00:01:18.880> collapse
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recent years its banking collapse
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recent years its banking collapse
devastating<00:01:20.159> incomes
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devastating incomes
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devastating incomes
and<00:01:22.159> so<00:01:22.400> an<00:01:22.560> island<00:01:22.880> once<00:01:23.280> fairly<00:01:23.600> dependent
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and so an island once fairly dependent
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and so an island once fairly dependent
on<00:01:24.400> fish<00:01:25.119> relies<00:01:25.600> even<00:01:25.920> more<00:01:26.159> heavily<00:01:26.560> on<00:01:26.720> it
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on fish relies even more heavily on it
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on fish relies even more heavily on it
now
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now
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now
a<00:01:28.880> careful<00:01:29.360> policy<00:01:30.079> that<00:01:30.320> manages<00:01:30.799> to<00:01:30.960> harvest
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a careful policy that manages to harvest
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a careful policy that manages to harvest
the<00:01:31.600> sea<00:01:31.840> efficiently<00:01:32.799> without<00:01:33.200> depleting
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the sea efficiently without depleting
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the sea efficiently without depleting
the<00:01:33.920> investment<00:01:34.479> is<00:01:34.720> crucial
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the investment is crucial
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the investment is crucial
but<00:01:36.560> there<00:01:36.720> is<00:01:36.880> some<00:01:37.119> concern<00:01:37.600> now<00:01:37.759> that
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but there is some concern now that
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but there is some concern now that
iceland's<00:01:38.560> recent<00:01:38.960> desperate<00:01:39.439> need<00:01:39.680> for
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iceland's recent desperate need for
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iceland's recent desperate need for
currency
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currency
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currency
is<00:01:41.200> leading<00:01:41.520> to<00:01:41.680> the<00:01:41.840> setting<00:01:42.159> of<00:01:42.320> fish<00:01:42.560> quotas
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is leading to the setting of fish quotas
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is leading to the setting of fish quotas
at<00:01:43.600> a<00:01:43.759> too<00:01:44.000> higher<00:01:44.399> level
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icelandic<00:01:48.560> fish<00:01:48.799> are<00:01:49.040> caught
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icelandic fish are caught
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icelandic fish are caught
and<00:01:50.159> then<00:01:50.399> sold<00:01:50.640> to<00:01:50.799> local<00:01:51.200> farms
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and then sold to local farms
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and then sold to local farms
who<00:01:52.479> prepare<00:01:52.880> the<00:01:53.040> fish<00:01:53.280> for<00:01:53.520> sale<00:01:54.159> in<00:01:54.399> many
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who prepare the fish for sale in many
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who prepare the fish for sale in many
countries<00:01:55.439> including<00:01:55.840> the<00:01:56.000> uk
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when<00:01:58.799> you<00:01:58.960> buy<00:01:59.200> a<00:01:59.360> cod<00:01:59.680> from<00:01:59.920> the<00:02:00.560> supermarket
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when you buy a cod from the supermarket
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when you buy a cod from the supermarket
or<00:02:01.680> from<00:02:01.840> the<00:02:02.000> chip<00:02:02.320> shop
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or from the chip shop
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or from the chip shop
it<00:02:03.840> may<00:02:04.000> well<00:02:04.320> come<00:02:04.479> from<00:02:04.640> iceland
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it may well come from iceland
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it may well come from iceland
but<00:02:06.320> it's<00:02:06.479> not<00:02:06.840> cheap<00:02:07.840> depleted<00:02:08.399> fish<00:02:08.640> stocks
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but it's not cheap depleted fish stocks
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but it's not cheap depleted fish stocks
are<00:02:09.119> leading<00:02:09.440> to<00:02:09.599> higher<00:02:09.920> prices
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are leading to higher prices
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are leading to higher prices
but<00:02:12.000> at<00:02:12.080> least<00:02:12.319> competition<00:02:12.959> in<00:02:13.120> the<00:02:13.280> industry
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but at least competition in the industry
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but at least competition in the industry
ensures<00:02:14.640> that<00:02:14.800> the<00:02:14.959> production<00:02:15.520> process<00:02:16.319> will
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ensures that the production process will
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ensures that the production process will
be<00:02:16.720> highly<00:02:17.120> efficient
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here<00:02:21.599> in<00:02:21.680> this<00:02:22.000> icelandic<00:02:22.640> fish<00:02:22.959> processing
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here in this icelandic fish processing
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here in this icelandic fish processing
plant<00:02:24.319> many<00:02:24.640> different<00:02:24.959> kinds<00:02:25.360> of<00:02:25.520> fish<00:02:26.239> are
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plant many different kinds of fish are
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plant many different kinds of fish are
being<00:02:26.800> boxed<00:02:27.200> and<00:02:27.440> sold<00:02:28.160> and<00:02:28.400> sold<00:02:28.640> to<00:02:28.879> a<00:02:29.040> wide
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being boxed and sold and sold to a wide
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being boxed and sold and sold to a wide
variety<00:02:29.920> of<00:02:30.080> countries<00:02:30.640> including<00:02:31.200> spain<00:02:31.760> and
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variety of countries including spain and
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variety of countries including spain and
the<00:02:32.000> uk
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those<00:02:34.800> that<00:02:35.040> are<00:02:35.120> destined<00:02:35.519> to<00:02:35.599> go<00:02:35.760> to<00:02:35.920> the<00:02:36.080> uk
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those that are destined to go to the uk
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those that are destined to go to the uk
many<00:02:37.360> will<00:02:37.599> finish<00:02:37.920> up<00:02:38.080> in<00:02:38.160> the<00:02:38.239> supermarket
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many will finish up in the supermarket
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many will finish up in the supermarket
others<00:02:40.239> in<00:02:40.319> the<00:02:40.400> fish<00:02:40.640> and<00:02:40.800> chip<00:02:41.040> shop
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others in the fish and chip shop
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others in the fish and chip shop
typically<00:02:43.599> a<00:02:43.680> box<00:02:44.080> weighs<00:02:44.400> around<00:02:44.800> 5
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typically a box weighs around 5
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typically a box weighs around 5
kilograms
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kilograms
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kilograms
the<00:02:47.200> processor<00:02:47.760> can<00:02:47.920> get<00:02:48.160> each<00:02:48.400> box<00:02:48.720> very
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the processor can get each box very
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the processor can get each box very
close<00:02:49.360> to<00:02:49.519> this<00:02:49.760> weight<00:02:50.319> the<00:02:50.480> company<00:02:50.879> uses
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close to this weight the company uses
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close to this weight the company uses
automatic<00:02:52.000> weighing<00:02:52.480> systems<00:02:53.040> that<00:02:53.280> separate
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automatic weighing systems that separate
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automatic weighing systems that separate
the<00:02:53.920> fish<00:02:54.239> and<00:02:54.400> weigh<00:02:54.720> each<00:02:55.040> item
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the fish and weigh each item
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the fish and weigh each item
individually
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individually
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individually
these<00:02:57.680> are<00:02:57.840> then<00:02:58.159> channeled<00:02:58.480> to<00:02:58.640> different
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these are then channeled to different
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these are then channeled to different
packages<00:02:59.920> to<00:03:00.080> ensure<00:03:00.560> accurate<00:03:01.040> weights<00:03:01.360> in
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packages to ensure accurate weights in
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packages to ensure accurate weights in
each<00:03:01.760> pack
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each pack
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each pack
and<00:03:02.879> that's<00:03:03.120> why<00:03:03.360> the<00:03:03.519> variations<00:03:04.319> can<00:03:04.480> be
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and that's why the variations can be
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and that's why the variations can be
kept<00:03:05.519> to<00:03:05.680> a<00:03:05.840> small<00:03:06.239> amount
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it<00:03:13.440> can't<00:03:13.680> be<00:03:13.920> possible<00:03:14.319> that<00:03:14.640> every<00:03:15.200> single
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it can't be possible that every single
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it can't be possible that every single
box<00:03:16.400> is<00:03:16.640> exactly<00:03:17.280> the<00:03:17.440> same<00:03:17.760> weight
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box is exactly the same weight
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box is exactly the same weight
but<00:03:18.959> the<00:03:19.120> processor<00:03:19.680> needs<00:03:19.920> to<00:03:20.000> be<00:03:20.239> sure<00:03:20.480> that
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but the processor needs to be sure that
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but the processor needs to be sure that
it's<00:03:20.879> pretty<00:03:21.280> close<00:03:21.840> otherwise<00:03:22.319> his
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it's pretty close otherwise his
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it's pretty close otherwise his
customers<00:03:23.040> are<00:03:23.120> going<00:03:23.280> to<00:03:23.360> start<00:03:23.599> complaining
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now<00:03:26.640> can<00:03:26.879> we<00:03:27.120> be<00:03:27.440> sure
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now can we be sure
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now can we be sure
that<00:03:28.720> the<00:03:28.959> great<00:03:29.280> majority<00:03:30.000> of<00:03:30.159> these<00:03:30.480> boxes
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that the great majority of these boxes
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that the great majority of these boxes
is<00:03:31.360> within<00:03:31.760> some<00:03:32.159> acceptable<00:03:32.799> range<00:03:33.120> of
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is within some acceptable range of
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is within some acceptable range of
tolerance
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tolerance
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tolerance
well<00:03:34.799> we<00:03:35.040> can
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well we can
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well we can
provided<00:03:36.640> we<00:03:36.799> understand<00:03:37.680> chebyshev's
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provided we understand chebyshev's
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provided we understand chebyshev's
theorem
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theorem
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theorem
so<00:03:40.400> chebyshev's<00:03:41.120> theorem<00:03:41.519> says<00:03:41.680> that<00:03:41.920> for<00:03:42.080> any
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so chebyshev's theorem says that for any
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so chebyshev's theorem says that for any
data<00:03:42.640> set<00:03:42.959> and<00:03:43.120> for<00:03:43.360> any<00:03:43.599> constant<00:03:44.239> k
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data set and for any constant k
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data set and for any constant k
if<00:03:45.519> that<00:03:45.760> number<00:03:46.080> is<00:03:46.239> greater<00:03:46.560> than<00:03:46.720> one
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if that number is greater than one
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if that number is greater than one
at<00:03:47.760> least<00:03:48.319> one<00:03:48.640> minus
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at least one minus
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at least one minus
one<00:03:50.000> over<00:03:50.239> k<00:03:50.560> squared<00:03:50.959> of<00:03:51.040> the<00:03:51.200> data<00:03:52.080> will<00:03:52.319> lie
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one over k squared of the data will lie
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one over k squared of the data will lie
within<00:03:53.040> k<00:03:53.439> standard<00:03:53.920> deviations<00:03:55.120> either<00:03:55.519> side
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within k standard deviations either side
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within k standard deviations either side
of<00:03:55.840> the<00:03:56.000> mean
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of the mean
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of the mean
so<00:03:58.080> if<00:03:58.159> we<00:03:58.239> want<00:03:58.400> to<00:03:58.560> know<00:03:58.720> the<00:03:58.799> percentage<00:03:59.360> of
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so if we want to know the percentage of
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so if we want to know the percentage of
boxes<00:03:59.920> lying<00:04:00.239> within<00:04:00.560> a<00:04:00.640> range<00:04:00.959> of<00:04:01.120> two
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boxes lying within a range of two
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boxes lying within a range of two
standard<00:04:01.760> deviations<00:04:02.799> either<00:04:03.280> side<00:04:03.519> of<00:04:03.680> the
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standard deviations either side of the
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standard deviations either side of the
mean
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mean
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mean
we<00:04:04.879> let<00:04:05.120> k<00:04:05.439> equal<00:04:05.840> two
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we let k equal two
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we let k equal two
and<00:04:07.120> we<00:04:07.280> get
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and we get
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and we get
one<00:04:09.200> minus
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one minus
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one minus
one<00:04:10.959> over<00:04:11.439> two<00:04:11.680> squared
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one over two squared
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one over two squared
which<00:04:13.680> equals
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which equals
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which equals
one
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one
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one
minus<00:04:16.320> one<00:04:16.560> over<00:04:16.799> four
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minus one over four
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minus one over four
which<00:04:18.320> equals<00:04:18.639> three<00:04:18.880> quarters
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which equals three quarters
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which equals three quarters
equals<00:04:20.959> seventy<00:04:21.280> five<00:04:21.519> percent
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equals seventy five percent
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equals seventy five percent
so<00:04:22.800> we<00:04:22.880> know<00:04:23.040> that<00:04:23.199> at<00:04:23.360> least<00:04:23.600> seventy<00:04:24.000> five
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so we know that at least seventy five
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so we know that at least seventy five
percent
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percent
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percent
of<00:04:25.919> the<00:04:26.160> values
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of the values
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of the values
in<00:04:27.520> our<00:04:27.680> case<00:04:28.160> the<00:04:28.320> weights<00:04:28.639> of<00:04:28.720> the<00:04:28.880> fish
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in our case the weights of the fish
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in our case the weights of the fish
boxes<00:04:29.840> lie<00:04:30.560> between<00:04:31.040> the<00:04:31.280> mean
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boxes lie between the mean
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boxes lie between the mean
and<00:04:32.320> minus<00:04:32.880> two<00:04:33.120> standard<00:04:33.520> deviations
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and minus two standard deviations
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and minus two standard deviations
and<00:04:35.199> the<00:04:35.440> mean<00:04:36.000> plus<00:04:36.320> two<00:04:36.560> standard
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and the mean plus two standard
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and the mean plus two standard
deviations
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deviations
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deviations
if<00:04:39.440> we<00:04:39.520> let<00:04:39.759> k<00:04:40.080> equal<00:04:40.400> to<00:04:40.720> three<00:04:41.120> we<00:04:41.280> want<00:04:41.440> to
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if we let k equal to three we want to
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if we let k equal to three we want to
know<00:04:41.759> the<00:04:42.000> minimum<00:04:42.720> percentage<00:04:43.360> of<00:04:43.520> boxes
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know the minimum percentage of boxes
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know the minimum percentage of boxes
sure<00:04:44.320> to<00:04:44.479> fall<00:04:44.800> within<00:04:45.120> a<00:04:45.520> range<00:04:45.919> of<00:04:46.080> three
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sure to fall within a range of three
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sure to fall within a range of three
standard<00:04:46.800> deviations<00:04:47.520> either<00:04:47.840> side<00:04:48.080> of<00:04:48.160> the
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standard deviations either side of the
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standard deviations either side of the
mean
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mean
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mean
we<00:04:49.440> have<00:04:50.000> one<00:04:50.720> minus<00:04:51.360> one<00:04:51.600> over<00:04:51.840> three<00:04:52.160> squared
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we have one minus one over three squared
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we have one minus one over three squared
equals
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equals
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equals
one<00:04:54.639> minus<00:04:55.120> 1<00:04:55.440> 9
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one minus 1 9
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one minus 1 9
or<00:04:57.040> 8<00:04:57.280> 9
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or 8 9
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or 8 9
which<00:04:58.639> equals
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which equals
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which equals
88.9<00:05:00.800> percent
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88.9 percent
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88.9 percent
88.9<00:05:03.759> of<00:05:03.840> the<00:05:04.000> boxes<00:05:04.880> will<00:05:05.120> fall<00:05:05.360> within<00:05:05.680> that
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range<00:05:09.919> after<00:05:10.240> this<00:05:10.479> understanding<00:05:11.360> we<00:05:11.520> can
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range after this understanding we can
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range after this understanding we can
choose<00:05:12.160> an<00:05:12.320> acceptable<00:05:13.280> toleration<00:05:14.240> of
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choose an acceptable toleration of
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choose an acceptable toleration of
weight<00:05:14.720> variants
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weight variants
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weight variants
and<00:05:16.400> if<00:05:16.560> we<00:05:16.720> know<00:05:16.880> the<00:05:17.039> standard<00:05:17.440> deviation<00:05:18.080> of
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and if we know the standard deviation of
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and if we know the standard deviation of
the<00:05:18.320> boxes<00:05:18.880> and<00:05:19.039> the<00:05:19.360> mean
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the boxes and the mean
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the boxes and the mean
we<00:05:20.639> can<00:05:20.880> work<00:05:21.280> out<00:05:21.520> the<00:05:21.759> proportion<00:05:22.479> of<00:05:22.639> boxes
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we can work out the proportion of boxes
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we can work out the proportion of boxes
that<00:05:23.680> will<00:05:24.000> fall<00:05:24.320> within<00:05:24.639> that<00:05:24.960> acceptable
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that will fall within that acceptable
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that will fall within that acceptable
range
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range
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range
so<00:05:28.160> here's<00:05:28.400> our<00:05:28.560> problem<00:05:29.199> the<00:05:29.440> 5<00:05:29.759> kilogram
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so here's our problem the 5 kilogram
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so here's our problem the 5 kilogram
boxes<00:05:30.800> have<00:05:30.960> a<00:05:31.120> 5<00:05:31.520> kilogram<00:05:32.560> mean<00:05:32.960> weight
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boxes have a 5 kilogram mean weight
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boxes have a 5 kilogram mean weight
but<00:05:34.960> with<00:05:35.280> a
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but with a
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but with a
0.01
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0.01
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0.01
standard<00:05:38.240> deviation
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standard deviation
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standard deviation
so<00:05:40.880> at<00:05:40.960> least<00:05:41.360> what<00:05:41.680> percentage<00:05:42.320> of<00:05:42.400> the<00:05:42.560> boxes
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so at least what percentage of the boxes
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so at least what percentage of the boxes
must<00:05:43.759> have<00:05:43.919> been<00:05:44.240> between
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must have been between
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must have been between
4.95<00:05:47.039> and<00:05:47.479> 5.05<00:05:48.560> kilograms<00:05:49.199> of<00:05:49.360> fish<00:05:49.919> the
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4.95 and 5.05 kilograms of fish the
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4.95 and 5.05 kilograms of fish the
accepted<00:05:51.280> and<00:05:51.520> acceptable<00:05:52.240> variation
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accepted and acceptable variation
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accepted and acceptable variation
we<00:05:53.919> can<00:05:54.080> use<00:05:54.400> our<00:05:54.560> formula<00:05:55.280> if<00:05:55.440> we<00:05:55.759> first<00:05:56.240> work
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we can use our formula if we first work
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we can use our formula if we first work
out<00:05:57.280> what<00:05:57.680> k<00:05:58.080> standard<00:05:58.560> deviations<00:05:59.600> are<00:06:00.000> in
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out what k standard deviations are in
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out what k standard deviations are in
this<00:06:00.400> particular<00:06:01.039> case
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this particular case
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this particular case
now<00:06:03.280> the<00:06:03.520> weight<00:06:03.840> in<00:06:04.240> kilograms<00:06:05.440> away<00:06:05.840> from
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now the weight in kilograms away from
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now the weight in kilograms away from
the<00:06:06.240> mean<00:06:06.560> that's<00:06:06.880> acceptable<00:06:07.919> is
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the mean that's acceptable is
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the mean that's acceptable is
5.05<00:06:10.479> minus<00:06:11.039> 5
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5.05 minus 5
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5.05 minus 5
or
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or
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or
5<00:06:13.919> minus<00:06:14.400> 4.95
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5 minus 4.95
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5 minus 4.95
which<00:06:16.720> equals
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which equals
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which equals
0.05
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we<00:06:21.039> know<00:06:21.199> that<00:06:21.360> the<00:06:21.440> standard<00:06:21.840> deviation<00:06:22.560> is
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we know that the standard deviation is
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we know that the standard deviation is
0.01
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0.01
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0.01
so<00:06:25.199> dividing
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so dividing
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so dividing
0.05<00:06:27.840> by<00:06:28.520> 0.01
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0.05 by 0.01
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0.05 by 0.01
tells<00:06:30.639> us<00:06:30.800> that<00:06:31.039> in<00:06:31.199> our<00:06:31.440> case<00:06:32.240> k<00:06:33.039> equals<00:06:34.080> 5
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tells us that in our case k equals 5
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tells us that in our case k equals 5
standard<00:06:35.440> deviations<00:06:36.240> from<00:06:36.479> the<00:06:36.639> mean
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so<00:06:39.520> now<00:06:39.759> using<00:06:40.080> our<00:06:40.319> formula
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so now using our formula
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so now using our formula
1<00:06:42.880> minus<00:06:43.440> 1<00:06:43.680> over<00:06:43.919> k<00:06:44.319> squared<00:06:44.960> gives<00:06:45.280> us<00:06:45.919> 1
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1 minus 1 over k squared gives us 1
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1 minus 1 over k squared gives us 1
minus<00:06:47.120> 1<00:06:47.360> over<00:06:47.680> 5<00:06:48.160> squared
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minus 1 over 5 squared
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minus 1 over 5 squared
which<00:06:49.759> equals
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which equals
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which equals
1
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1
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1
minus
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minus
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minus
1<00:06:53.039> over<00:06:53.280> 25
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1 over 25
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1 over 25
which<00:06:55.680> equals
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which equals
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which equals
1
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1
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1
minus
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minus
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minus
0.04
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0.04
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0.04
which<00:07:01.759> equals<00:07:02.160> 0.96
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which equals 0.96
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which equals 0.96
so<00:07:05.039> at<00:07:05.199> least<00:07:05.599> 96<00:07:06.639> of<00:07:06.800> the<00:07:06.880> boxes<00:07:07.520> must<00:07:07.759> be
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so at least 96 of the boxes must be
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so at least 96 of the boxes must be
between<00:07:09.080> 4.95<00:07:10.560> and<00:07:11.000> 5.05<00:07:12.000> kilograms<00:07:12.800> in
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between 4.95 and 5.05 kilograms in
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between 4.95 and 5.05 kilograms in
weight
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so<00:07:20.560> we<00:07:20.720> can<00:07:20.880> agree<00:07:21.199> on<00:07:21.440> any<00:07:21.759> range<00:07:22.160> of
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so we can agree on any range of
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so we can agree on any range of
tolerance<00:07:22.800> we<00:07:23.039> like
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tolerance we like
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tolerance we like
and<00:07:24.400> we'll<00:07:24.639> know<00:07:24.880> the<00:07:25.039> proportion<00:07:25.520> of<00:07:25.680> boxes
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and we'll know the proportion of boxes
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and we'll know the proportion of boxes
bound<00:07:26.960> to<00:07:27.199> fall<00:07:27.520> within<00:07:27.840> that<00:07:28.080> tolerance
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bound to fall within that tolerance
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bound to fall within that tolerance
range<00:07:30.080> you<00:07:30.240> might<00:07:30.479> think
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range you might think
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range you might think
that<00:07:31.520> we<00:07:31.680> shouldn't<00:07:31.919> have<00:07:32.240> any<00:07:32.560> degree<00:07:32.880> of
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that we shouldn't have any degree of
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that we shouldn't have any degree of
tolerance<00:07:33.520> at<00:07:33.759> all
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tolerance at all
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tolerance at all
but<00:07:34.720> that<00:07:34.960> requires<00:07:35.599> highly<00:07:35.919> expensive
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but that requires highly expensive
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but that requires highly expensive
machinery<00:07:37.520> so<00:07:37.680> it<00:07:37.759> may<00:07:37.919> be<00:07:38.160> more<00:07:38.400> efficient
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machinery so it may be more efficient
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machinery so it may be more efficient
to<00:07:39.759> have<00:07:40.080> some<00:07:40.400> small<00:07:40.800> degree<00:07:41.440> of<00:07:41.599> tolerance
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to have some small degree of tolerance
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to have some small degree of tolerance
in<00:07:42.400> the<00:07:42.560> size<00:07:42.800> of<00:07:42.880> the<00:07:42.960> boxes
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in the size of the boxes
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in the size of the boxes
but<00:07:45.759> the<00:07:45.919> principle<00:07:46.479> is<00:07:46.639> a<00:07:46.720> far<00:07:47.039> wider
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but the principle is a far wider
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but the principle is a far wider
applicability
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applicability
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applicability
than<00:07:49.039> to<00:07:49.280> fishing
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than to fishing
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than to fishing
you're<00:07:51.039> the<00:07:51.120> manager<00:07:51.520> of<00:07:51.680> a<00:07:51.759> car<00:07:52.000> rental
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you're the manager of a car rental
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you're the manager of a car rental
company<00:07:53.280> and<00:07:53.360> you<00:07:53.520> know<00:07:53.759> you<00:07:53.919> can't<00:07:54.160> survive
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company and you know you can't survive
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company and you know you can't survive
if<00:07:54.800> the<00:07:54.960> cars<00:07:55.280> are<00:07:55.360> standing<00:07:55.840> idle
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if the cars are standing idle
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if the cars are standing idle
or<00:07:57.039> if<00:07:57.199> you<00:07:57.280> have<00:07:57.520> too<00:07:57.759> few<00:07:58.000> cars<00:07:58.319> to<00:07:58.479> meet
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or if you have too few cars to meet
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or if you have too few cars to meet
demand
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demand
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demand
you<00:08:00.800> know<00:08:00.960> the<00:08:01.199> mean<00:08:01.599> average<00:08:02.000> number<00:08:02.319> of<00:08:02.560> cars
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you know the mean average number of cars
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you know the mean average number of cars
per<00:08:03.199> month<00:08:03.680> that<00:08:03.840> you<00:08:04.080> rent<00:08:04.400> out
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per month that you rent out
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per month that you rent out
this<00:08:06.319> amount<00:08:06.639> of<00:08:06.800> varies<00:08:07.199> of<00:08:07.360> course
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this amount of varies of course
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this amount of varies of course
but<00:08:08.639> you<00:08:08.800> can<00:08:08.960> know<00:08:09.199> the<00:08:09.360> standard<00:08:09.759> deviation
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but you can know the standard deviation
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but you can know the standard deviation
as<00:08:10.560> well
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as well
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as well
then<00:08:12.000> you<00:08:12.160> can<00:08:12.400> use<00:08:12.720> chebychev's<00:08:13.360> theorem
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then you can use chebychev's theorem
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then you can use chebychev's theorem
exactly<00:08:14.319> as<00:08:14.400> we<00:08:14.560> did<00:08:14.720> for<00:08:14.879> the<00:08:15.039> fishing
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exactly as we did for the fishing
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exactly as we did for the fishing
industry
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industry
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industry
to<00:08:16.639> determine<00:08:17.120> the<00:08:17.440> least<00:08:17.759> percentage<00:08:18.319> of
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to determine the least percentage of
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to determine the least percentage of
months<00:08:19.199> that<00:08:19.360> you'll<00:08:19.520> be<00:08:19.759> renting<00:08:20.240> any<00:08:20.479> given
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months that you'll be renting any given
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months that you'll be renting any given
minimum<00:08:21.840> and<00:08:22.000> maximum<00:08:22.639> amount<00:08:22.960> of<00:08:23.199> cars
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minimum and maximum amount of cars
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minimum and maximum amount of cars
many<00:08:25.840> retailers<00:08:26.560> especially<00:08:27.039> clothing
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many retailers especially clothing
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many retailers especially clothing
retailers<00:08:28.319> have<00:08:28.560> a<00:08:28.639> refund<00:08:29.039> policy
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retailers have a refund policy
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retailers have a refund policy
take<00:08:30.400> the<00:08:30.560> stuff<00:08:30.879> back<00:08:31.120> in<00:08:31.199> mint<00:08:31.440> condition
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take the stuff back in mint condition
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take the stuff back in mint condition
within<00:08:32.240> a<00:08:32.320> certain<00:08:32.560> period<00:08:32.959> of<00:08:33.039> time<00:08:33.760> and<00:08:33.919> you
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within a certain period of time and you
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within a certain period of time and you
can<00:08:34.159> have<00:08:34.320> your<00:08:34.479> money<00:08:34.719> back
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can have your money back
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can have your money back
but<00:08:36.159> that<00:08:36.479> costs<00:08:36.719> something<00:08:37.120> to<00:08:37.279> the<00:08:37.440> store
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but that costs something to the store
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but that costs something to the store
if<00:08:39.039> you're<00:08:39.200> the<00:08:39.360> manager<00:08:39.919> of<00:08:40.000> the<00:08:40.159> store<00:08:41.039> and
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if you're the manager of the store and
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if you're the manager of the store and
you<00:08:41.360> know<00:08:41.519> the<00:08:41.760> average<00:08:42.159> number<00:08:42.560> of<00:08:42.640> returns<00:08:43.200> a
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you know the average number of returns a
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you know the average number of returns a
day<00:08:44.080> and<00:08:44.240> you<00:08:44.320> know<00:08:44.480> the<00:08:44.640> standard<00:08:45.120> deviation
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day and you know the standard deviation
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day and you know the standard deviation
as<00:08:46.080> well
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as well
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as well
then<00:08:47.040> you<00:08:47.120> can<00:08:47.360> use<00:08:47.600> the<00:08:47.760> chebychev<00:08:48.320> theorem
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then you can use the chebychev theorem
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then you can use the chebychev theorem
to<00:08:49.040> give<00:08:49.279> you<00:08:49.440> a<00:08:49.600> good<00:08:49.839> idea<00:08:50.720> of<00:08:50.880> the<00:08:51.200> size<00:08:51.680> of
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to give you a good idea of the size of
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to give you a good idea of the size of
the<00:08:52.080> problem<00:08:52.800> that<00:08:52.959> you'll<00:08:53.200> have<00:08:53.360> to<00:08:53.519> deal
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the problem that you'll have to deal
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the problem that you'll have to deal
with
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at<00:08:57.200> marrits<00:08:58.160> chebyshev<00:08:58.800> is<00:08:58.880> one<00:08:59.120> of<00:08:59.279> many
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at marrits chebyshev is one of many
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at marrits chebyshev is one of many
statistical<00:09:00.240> tools<00:09:01.040> that<00:09:01.200> allows<00:09:01.600> this
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statistical tools that allows this
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statistical tools that allows this
company<00:09:02.240> to<00:09:02.399> provide<00:09:02.800> its<00:09:03.040> clients<00:09:03.519> with
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company to provide its clients with
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company to provide its clients with
insights<00:09:04.399> into<00:09:04.640> the<00:09:04.800> products<00:09:05.279> and<00:09:05.440> services
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insights into the products and services
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insights into the products and services
in<00:09:06.399> the<00:09:06.480> markets<00:09:07.040> in<00:09:07.120> which<00:09:07.360> they<00:09:07.600> operate
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in the markets in which they operate
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in the markets in which they operate
all<00:09:09.440> clients<00:09:09.920> are<00:09:10.240> measuring<00:09:11.200> key<00:09:11.600> factors
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all clients are measuring key factors
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all clients are measuring key factors
and<00:09:12.480> they're<00:09:12.880> interested<00:09:13.440> in<00:09:13.680> exploring
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and they're interested in exploring
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and they're interested in exploring
what<00:09:15.120> they<00:09:15.360> should<00:09:15.600> improve<00:09:16.000> because<00:09:16.320> it
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what they should improve because it
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what they should improve because it
isn't<00:09:16.880> always
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isn't always
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isn't always
their<00:09:18.399> perception<00:09:19.360> they<00:09:19.600> may<00:09:19.920> think<00:09:20.240> the
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their perception they may think the
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their perception they may think the
customer<00:09:20.800> wants<00:09:21.040> something<00:09:21.760> the<00:09:22.000> customer
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customer wants something the customer
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customer wants something the customer
may<00:09:22.640> want<00:09:22.800> something<00:09:23.120> different
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may want something different
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may want something different
this<00:09:25.120> is<00:09:25.519> part<00:09:25.839> of<00:09:26.000> our<00:09:26.320> call<00:09:26.640> center
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this is part of our call center
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this is part of our call center
we're<00:09:28.480> actually<00:09:29.519> speaking<00:09:30.240> to<00:09:30.399> the<00:09:30.560> customer
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we're actually speaking to the customer
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we're actually speaking to the customer
we're<00:09:31.440> collecting<00:09:32.000> the<00:09:32.160> data
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we're collecting the data
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we're collecting the data
but<00:09:33.440> we<00:09:33.600> have<00:09:33.760> to<00:09:33.839> be<00:09:34.000> very<00:09:34.320> careful<00:09:34.880> how<00:09:35.120> they
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but we have to be very careful how they
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but we have to be very careful how they
collect<00:09:35.839> it<00:09:36.320> they<00:09:36.480> have<00:09:36.640> to<00:09:36.720> be<00:09:36.880> carefully
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collect it they have to be carefully
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collect it they have to be carefully
trained<00:09:37.680> and<00:09:37.839> prepared
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trained and prepared
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trained and prepared
the<00:09:39.120> questions<00:09:39.680> mustn't<00:09:40.320> introduce<00:09:40.880> bias
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the questions mustn't introduce bias
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the questions mustn't introduce bias
there<00:09:41.920> must<00:09:42.240> be<00:09:42.800> nothing<00:09:43.279> written<00:09:43.760> or<00:09:44.080> implied
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there must be nothing written or implied
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there must be nothing written or implied
in<00:09:44.720> the<00:09:44.880> voice
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in the voice
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in the voice
that<00:09:46.399> tells<00:09:46.720> that<00:09:46.959> person<00:09:47.279> how<00:09:47.440> they<00:09:47.600> should
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that tells that person how they should
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that tells that person how they should
answer<00:09:48.240> the
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answer the
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answer the
question<00:09:49.839> they<00:09:50.240> are<00:09:50.959> entering<00:09:51.839> all<00:09:52.000> of<00:09:52.080> the
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question they are entering all of the
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question they are entering all of the
data<00:09:52.480> that<00:09:52.640> they<00:09:52.800> collect<00:09:53.200> into<00:09:53.440> the<00:09:53.680> system
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data that they collect into the system
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data that they collect into the system
they're<00:09:54.959> creating<00:09:55.519> the<00:09:55.760> stats
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they're creating the stats
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they're creating the stats
now<00:09:57.440> your<00:09:57.600> views<00:09:57.760> and<00:09:57.839> opinions<00:09:58.320> will<00:09:58.480> be<00:09:58.560> used
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now your views and opinions will be used
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now your views and opinions will be used
only<00:09:59.200> in<00:09:59.360> this
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only in this
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only in this
statistical<00:10:00.800> format<00:10:01.680> this<00:10:01.839> call<00:10:02.079> will<00:10:02.240> be
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statistical format this call will be
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statistical format this call will be
recorded<00:10:02.720> and<00:10:02.800> may<00:10:02.959> be<00:10:03.040> monitored<00:10:03.440> though<00:10:03.600> for
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recorded and may be monitored though for
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recorded and may be monitored though for
quality<00:10:04.079> control<00:10:04.399> purposes
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quality control purposes
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quality control purposes
not<00:10:05.600> only<00:10:05.839> does<00:10:06.079> merits<00:10:06.560> collect<00:10:06.959> statistics
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not only does merits collect statistics
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not only does merits collect statistics
for<00:10:07.839> their<00:10:08.079> clients
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for their clients
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for their clients
merits<00:10:09.760> also<00:10:10.079> collects<00:10:10.560> data<00:10:11.200> to<00:10:11.360> monitor
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merits also collects data to monitor
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merits also collects data to monitor
their<00:10:12.079> own<00:10:12.320> productivity<00:10:13.120> and<00:10:13.360> quality
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their own productivity and quality
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their own productivity and quality
project<00:10:15.040> supervisors<00:10:15.760> are<00:10:15.920> aware<00:10:16.480> of<00:10:16.880> every
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project supervisors are aware of every
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project supervisors are aware of every
phone<00:10:17.680> call<00:10:17.920> that's<00:10:18.160> happening<00:10:18.720> every<00:10:18.959> person
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phone call that's happening every person
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phone call that's happening every person
that's<00:10:19.440> working<00:10:19.920> for<00:10:20.079> them<00:10:20.720> they're<00:10:21.040> watching
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that's working for them they're watching
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that's working for them they're watching
the<00:10:21.760> data<00:10:22.320> being<00:10:22.640> collected<00:10:23.279> on<00:10:23.519> screen<00:10:24.320> they
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the data being collected on screen they
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the data being collected on screen they
can
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can
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can
get<00:10:25.760> statistical<00:10:26.399> data<00:10:26.800> up<00:10:26.959> on<00:10:27.120> screen<00:10:27.680> today
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get statistical data up on screen today
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get statistical data up on screen today
we<00:10:28.560> made<00:10:29.120> x<00:10:29.440> amount<00:10:29.839> of<00:10:30.000> calls<00:10:30.959> down<00:10:31.279> to<00:10:31.519> today
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we made x amount of calls down to today
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we made x amount of calls down to today
ken<00:10:32.640> made<00:10:33.200> x<00:10:33.519> amount<00:10:33.839> of<00:10:34.000> calls
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ken made x amount of calls
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ken made x amount of calls
where<00:10:35.360> they<00:10:35.519> were<00:10:35.680> made<00:10:36.000> to<00:10:36.480> and<00:10:36.640> what<00:10:36.800> their
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where they were made to and what their
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where they were made to and what their
outcomes<00:10:37.600> were
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outcomes were
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outcomes were
so<00:10:38.959> not<00:10:39.200> only<00:10:39.440> are<00:10:39.519> we<00:10:39.680> entering<00:10:40.079> all<00:10:40.160> the<00:10:40.240> data
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so not only are we entering all the data
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so not only are we entering all the data
that<00:10:40.720> we<00:10:40.880> collect<00:10:41.440> in<00:10:41.680> here<00:10:42.320> we're<00:10:42.560> also
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that we collect in here we're also
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that we collect in here we're also
collecting<00:10:43.600> statistics<00:10:44.560> that<00:10:44.880> drive
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collecting statistics that drive
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collecting statistics that drive
productivity
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productivity
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productivity
and<00:10:47.279> the<00:10:47.440> drive<00:10:47.839> quality
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and the drive quality
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and the drive quality
that<00:10:49.040> make<00:10:49.279> a<00:10:49.360> good<00:10:49.600> interview
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that make a good interview
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that make a good interview
one<00:10:50.880> key<00:10:51.200> indicator<00:10:51.760> that<00:10:51.920> they<00:10:52.160> track
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one key indicator that they track
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one key indicator that they track
is<00:10:53.200> the<00:10:53.360> amount<00:10:53.680> of<00:10:53.920> time<00:10:54.160> it<00:10:54.320> takes<00:10:54.640> to
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is the amount of time it takes to
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is the amount of time it takes to
interview<00:10:55.279> each<00:10:55.600> customer
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interview each customer
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interview each customer
this<00:10:57.360> time<00:10:57.600> varies<00:10:58.079> greatly<00:10:59.040> but<00:10:59.279> by<00:10:59.519> using
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this time varies greatly but by using
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this time varies greatly but by using
the<00:11:00.160> mean<00:11:00.480> average<00:11:01.040> time
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the mean average time
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the mean average time
and<00:11:02.320> the<00:11:02.560> standard<00:11:03.120> deviation<00:11:03.920> of<00:11:04.000> that<00:11:04.320> time
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and the standard deviation of that time
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and the standard deviation of that time
merits<00:11:05.360> can<00:11:05.600> specify<00:11:06.240> the<00:11:06.480> time<00:11:06.800> frame<00:11:07.200> for
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merits can specify the time frame for
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merits can specify the time frame for
each<00:11:07.760> call<00:11:08.399> and<00:11:08.560> use<00:11:08.800> chebyshev<00:11:09.760> to<00:11:09.920> calculate
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each call and use chebyshev to calculate
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each call and use chebyshev to calculate
a<00:11:10.640> minimum<00:11:11.200> proportion<00:11:11.760> of<00:11:12.000> course<00:11:12.640> that<00:11:12.880> will
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a minimum proportion of course that will
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a minimum proportion of course that will
fall<00:11:13.440> between<00:11:13.839> those<00:11:14.240> times
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fall between those times
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fall between those times
this<00:11:15.600> kind<00:11:15.839> of<00:11:15.920> information<00:11:16.959> helps<00:11:17.279> managers
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this kind of information helps managers
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this kind of information helps managers
control<00:11:18.320> costs<00:11:19.120> and<00:11:19.279> maximize<00:11:20.079> productivity
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control costs and maximize productivity
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control costs and maximize productivity
and<00:11:21.040> quality
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and quality
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and quality
with<00:11:22.320> these<00:11:23.040> and<00:11:23.279> so<00:11:23.440> many<00:11:23.760> other<00:11:24.000> examples
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with these and so many other examples
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with these and so many other examples
it's<00:11:25.200> easy<00:11:25.519> to<00:11:25.680> see<00:11:25.920> how<00:11:26.240> chebychev<00:11:26.800> can<00:11:26.959> help
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it's easy to see how chebychev can help
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it's easy to see how chebychev can help
more<00:11:28.079> than<00:11:28.320> just<00:11:28.560> icelandic<00:11:29.200> fish<00:11:29.519> processes
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you